RESULT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY-BASED SMART FERTIGATION CONTROLLER USING NPK SENSOR

Abstract

Agriculture needs good control over water, fertilizers, and energy to make crops grow better and help farming stay sustainable. Old ways of using fertilizers usually relied on looking at the fields by hand and sticking to set times, which often led to wrong use of nutrients, unbalanced soil, and using too much fertilizer. Smart fertigation systems help fix these problems by using IoT, soil nutrient sensors, and real-time tracking. This review looked at NPK-based soil checks and IoT-enabled fertigation, especially focusing on monitoring nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to make farming more precise. The system used an ESP32 microcontroller, an NPK sensor, a soil moisture sensor, and a DHT11 sensor to constantly monitor soil nutrients and environmental conditions. The data was shown on an LCD screen and sent via Wi-Fi to the Blynk IoT platform for remote viewing. Based on the real-time NPK levels, the right amount of fertilizer was decided, and the correct fertilizer pump was turned on manually. Solar power was added with a solar charge controller and a battery to cut down on using regular electricity and support eco-friendly farming. The studies showed that combining NPK sensors, IoT, fertigation, and renewable energy offers a great way to use fertilizers better, save resources, cut down on manual work, and help make precision agriculture more sustainable.