Experiment on the Forced Convection and Friction Factor of Nanofluid in Downward Flow in Slope Pipes

Abstract

 The influence of nanofluid on forced convection and friction factor in downward flow in slope pipes is studied using
copper oxide - thermal oil nanofluid. Accordingly, the flow's shape is fully developed, and the tube's isothermal wall serves as another
boundary condition. Prantle number is used to examine the effects of solid-fluid, negative slope, and forced convection. When the
mass concentration of nanoparticles rises, the outcomes of forced convection somewhat improve. In this article, it is suggested to use
a few formulae to assess forced convection and pressure drop in downhill flow under contact wall temperature and fully developed
flow. The maximum variance, or 18%, is acceptable for experimental research that can be used in manufacturing. the forced
convection rate and pumping power rate that go together