REVIEW ON RENEWABLE ENERGY-BASED SMART FERTIGATION CONTROLLER USING NPK SENSOR

Abstract

Agriculture will require efficient management of water, fertilizers, and energy to improve crop productivity and support sustainable farming practices. Traditional fertilizer application methods will often depend on manual observation and fixed schedules, which will lead to improper nutrient management, nutrient imbalance, and unnecessary fertilizer usage. Smart fertigation systems will provide an effective approach for addressing these limitations by integrating IoT, soil nutrient sensing, and real-time monitoring technologies. In this review, NPK-based soil monitoring and IoT-enabled fertigation approaches will be studied with emphasis on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium monitoring for precision agriculture. The proposed system will use an ESP32 microcontroller, NPK sensor, soil moisture sensor, and DHT11 sensor to monitor soil nutrient and environmental conditions in real time. The collected data will be displayed on an LCD and transmitted through Wi-Fi to the Blynk IoT platform for remote monitoring. Based on real-time NPK readings, the fertilizer requirement will be determined, and the appropriate fertilizer-supply motor will be manually operated. Solar energy will be integrated with a solar charge controller and rechargeable battery to reduce dependence on conventional electricity and support sustainable operation. The reviewed approaches will indicate that the integration of NPK sensors, IoT monitoring, fertigation, and renewable energy will provide a promising solution for improving fertilizer utilization, reducing resource wastage, minimizing manual effort, and supporting sustainable precision agriculture.