IOT BASED MANHOLE DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Abstract

Urban drainage systems play a crucial role in maintaining public safety and environmental cleanliness. However, damaged or open manholes, sewage overflow, hazardous gas leakage, and contaminated wastewater can lead to serious accidents, health hazards, and environmental pollution. To address these challenges, this project proposes an IoT-Based Smart Manhole Detection and Monitoring System that combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for continuous and automated monitoring of underground drainage infrastructure. The proposed system is built around a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, which serves as the central processing unit. A camera module captures real-time images of the manhole, and the YOLO (You Only Look Once) deep learning CNN algorithm detects whether the manhole cover is secure, damaged and open. Along with AI-based image analysis, the system uses an Ultrasonic Sensor to monitor the water level, an MQ-2 Gas Sensor to detect hazardous gases, a Turbidity Sensor to measure water quality, and a pH Sensor to monitor the acidity or alkalinity of wastewater. A GPS module provides the exact location of the monitored manhole. All sensor readings and AI detection results are processed by the Raspberry Pi and displayed on a web-based monitoring dashboard, allowing authorities to observe real-time system status and historical sensor trends. Whenever abnormal conditions such as an open manhole, high water level, hazardous gas concentration, poor water quality, or abnormal pH values are detected, the system automatically sends an email alert containing the fault details, sensor readings, and GPS location to the concerned municipal authorities. This enables rapid response, reduces manual inspection, improves worker and public safety, and minimizes the risk of accidents and environmental damage. The proposed system provides a smart, automated, reliable, and cost-effective solution for intelligent urban drainage monitoring. It supports preventive maintenance, improves infrastructure management, and contributes to the development of safe, sustainable, and smart cities.